Chapter 81: Multi-Agent Fundamentals
Learning objectives Model a two-player zero-sum game (e.g. Rock-Paper-Scissors) as a Dec-POMDP (Decentralized Partially Observable MDP) or equivalent multi-agent framework. Define states, observations, actions, and rewards for each agent in the game. Explain the difference between centralized (one controller sees everything) and decentralized (each agent has its own observation and policy) formulations. Identify how the same game can be viewed as a normal-form game (payoff matrix) and as a sequential Dec-POMDP (if we add structure). Relate multi-agent modeling to game AI (opponents, teammates) and trading (multiple market participants). Concept and real-world RL ...